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1 Ante Christum Natum (before the birth of Christ, сокр. ACN)
Религия: до Рождества ХристоваУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Ante Christum Natum (before the birth of Christ, сокр. ACN)
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2 before smb's birth
before smb's birth (death) до чьего-либо рождения (до чьей-либо смерти, до чьего-либо приезда) -
3 before
I [bɪ'fɔː] advпрежде, ранееUSAGE:(1.) В косвенной речи употребляется наречие времени before, если вводящий косвенную речь глагол стоит в прошедшем времени: I was told that they had left a few months before (the day before) мне сказали, что они уехали несколько месяцев тому назад (накануне). Вместо before может употребляться наречие previously: I was told that the fire had broken out a few days previously мне сказали, что пожар возник за несколько дней до этого/тому назад. В прямой и косвенной речи, вводимой глаголом в настоящем времени, употребляется наречие ago: "We were there five days ago", he said мы были там пять дней тому назад; she says she was there five days ago она говорит, что была там пять дней тому назад. (2.) See afterwards, advII [bɪ'fɔː] prpупотребляется:1) (при обозначении временных отношений) перед, до, раньше, прежде- before the end of the month
- before smb's birth
- before the time
- long before the beginning of smth
- long before smb's arrival2) (при обозначении пространственных отношений) перед, впередиHe looked before him. — Он смотрел прямо перед собой.
We have two problems before us. — Перед нами стоят две задачи.
She sat before me. — Она сидела передо мной.
- stop before the house- act before smb•USAGE and CHOICE OF WORDS:(1.) Русскому предлогу перед соответствуют английские before (реже) и in front of (чаще). В значении места before чаще сочетается с одушевленными существительными: they looked straight before them они смотрели прямо перед собой; I am before you я перед вами; your name in the list comes before mine в списке ваша фамилия стоит перед моей; the post-office is one stop before the station почта находится в одной остановке от вокзала; it happened before my very eye(right before my eyes) это произошло прямо у меня на глазах. Предлог in front of обозначает пространственное отношение, подчеркивая близость некоторых предметов или их последовательность (в очереди, в ряду): there was a small boy in front of me in the cinema line в очереди в кино передо мной был маленький мальчик; there was a slow fruck in front of us and we couldn't get ahead of it on that narrow road перед нами медленно двигался грузовик, и на этой узкой дороге мы не могли его обогнать. In front of соответствует также русскому лицом к: I found myself in front of a huge temple я оказался перед громадным собором. (2.) Before, а также behind, beside в отличие от русских перед, позади, рядом не употребляются перед возвратными местоимениями. В английском языке употребляется объектная форма личного местоимения: the boy was pushing a toy car before him мальчик толкал игрушечную машину перед собой; he closed the door behind him он закрыл за собой дверь. (3.) Ни before, ни in front of не употребляются при указании места на противоположной стороне чего-либо (улицы, дороги, реки). В этих случаях употребляются предлоги opposite или facing: the bookshop is opposite my house книжный магазин находится на противоположной стороне улицы/перед моим домом/напротив моего дома; the boys stood facing (opposite) each other мальчики стояли, друг перед другом/друг против друга/лицом к лицу. (4.) Письма часто заканчиваются фразой: hope to see you (to get the answer) before too long надеюсь вскоре тебя увидеть (получить от тебя письмо).III [bɪ'fɔː]1) прежде чем, раньше, чем; пока не, до того как, доI shall see him before he leaves. — Я повидаю его до его отъезда.
Say goodbye before you go. — Попрощайтесь перед уходом.
It will be some time before we know the full results. — Окончательные результаты будут известны только через некоторое время.
2) скорее, чемHe will die before he yields. — Он скорее умрёт, чем сдастся.
He will die before he will tell them what they want to know. — Он скорее умрет, но не скажет им то, что они хотят знать.
•CHOICE OF WORDS:(1.) Русским пока не, до соответствуют before, until и till, значения которых различны. Союз before относит действие к моменту, предшествующему началу следующего за ним действия, в то время как until/till - относят действие к прошлому и обозначают продолжение действия до начала другого: They have been told everything before I got there. Им все рассказали до того, как я туда добрался. We have another ten minutes before the train leaves. У нас есть еще 10 минут до отхода поезда. Get out of here before I call the police. Убирайся отсюда, пока я вызвал полицию. I stayed there until he came. Я пробыл там до тех пор, пока он не пришел. ср. I shall see him before he leaves. Я повидаюсь с ним до его отъезда. (2.) В придаточных времени, вводимых before, не употребляются формы будущего времени глагола. Вместо них употребляются формы Present и Past. (3.) See after, cj; USAGE (1.). -
4 before
I adv прежде, ранее, накануне, тому назад (1). В косвенной речи употребляется наречие времени before, если вводящий косвенную речь глагол стоит в прошедшем времени:I was told that they had left a few months before (the day before) — Мне сказали, что они уехали несколько месяцев тому назад (накануне).
Вместо before может употребляться наречие previously:I was told that the fire had broken out a few days previously — Мне сказали, что пожар возник за несколько дней до этого/тому назад.
В прямой и косвенной речи, вводимой глаголом в настоящем времени, употребляется наречие ago:"We were there five days ago", he said — Мы были там пять дней тому назад.
She says she was there five days ago — Она говорит, что была там пять дней тому назад.
(2). See afterwards, adv. II prp 1. предлог временного значения — перед, до, раньше, прежде; before midnight (dinner) — до полуночи/до обеда/перед обедом, before smb's birth (death) — до чьего-либо рождения (смерти), before the time — до срока, long before the beginning (end) of smth — задолго до начала (конца) чего-либо, shortly before that — незадолго до этого, before too long — вскоре; 2. предлог места для указания нахождения или движения в пространстве — перед чем-либо или кем-либо, перед, впереди; to stop before the house — остановиться перед домом, to act (to sing) before smb — играть (петь) перед кем-либо. She sat before me — Она сидела передо мной; We have two problems before us — Перед нами стоят две задачи. (1). Русскому предлогу перед соответствуют английские before (реже) и in front of (чаще). В значении места before чаще сочетается с одушевленными существительными:They looked straight before them — Они смотрели прямо перед собой.
I am before you — Я перед вами.
Your name in the list comes before mine — В списке ваша фамилия стоит перед моей.
The post-office is one stop before the station — Почта находится в одной остановке от вокзала.
It happened before my very eyes (right before my eyes) — Это произошло прямо у меня на глазах.
Предлог in front of обозначает пространственное отношение, подчеркивая близость некоторых предметов или их последовательность (в очереди, ряду):There was a small boy in front of me in the cinema line — В очереди в кино передо мной был маленький мальчик.
There was a slow car in front of us and we couldn't get ahead of it on that narrow road — Перед нами медленно двигался грузовик, и на этой узкой дороге мы не могли его обогнать.
In front of соответствует также русскому лицом к:I found myself in front of a huge temple — Я оказался перед громадным собором.
(2). Before, а также behind, beside в отличие от русского перед, позади, рядом не употребляется перед возвратными местоимениями. В английском языке употребляется объектная форма личного местоимения:The boy was pushing a toy car before him — Мальчик толкал игрушечную машинку перед собой.
He closed the door behind him — Он закрыл за собой дверь.
(3). Ни before, ни in front of не употребляются при указании места на противоположной стороне чего-либо (улицы, дороги, реки). В этих случаях употребляется предлог opposite или facing:The bookshop is opposite my house — Книжный магазин на противоположной стороне улицы, перед моим домом (напротив моего дома).
The boys stood facing (opposite) each other — Мальчики стояли друг перед другом (друг против друга).
(4). Письма часто заканчиваются фразойHope to see you (to get the answer) before too long — Надеюсь вскоре тебя увидеть (получить от тебя письмо).
III cj прежде чем, пока не, до того как (1). Русским пока не, до того как соответствуют before, until и till, значения которых различны. Союз before относит действие к моменту, предшествующему началу следующего за ним действия, в то время как until/till — относят действие к прошлому и обозначают продолжение начатого ранее действия вплоть до начала другого:They have been told everything before I got there — Им все рассказали до того, как я туда добрался.
I stayed there until he came — Я пробыл там до тех пор, пока он не пришел.
Ср. I shall see him before he leaves — Я повидаюсь с ним до его отъезда.
(2). See after, cj (1). -
5 Before Birth and After Birth the Virgin
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Before Birth and After Birth the Virgin
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6 before christ's birth
Религия: до Рождества Христова -
7 give birth before the proper time
Сельское хозяйство: абортироватьУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > give birth before the proper time
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8 time
I [taɪm]1) (continuum) tempo m.in o with time col tempo; in the course of time nel corso del tempo; as time goes, went by con il passare del tempo; at this point in time a questo punto; for all time per tutto il tempo, per sempre; the biggest drugs haul of all time — la più grossa partita di droga mai vista
2) (specific duration) tempo m.a long, short time ago — molto, poco tempo fa
in no time at all o in next to no time in un niente; in five days' time nel giro di o in cinque giorni; within the agreed time entro i termini convenuti; in your own time (at your own pace) al tuo ritmo; (outside working hours) al di fuori dell'orario di lavoro; on company time durante l'orario di ufficio; my time isn't my own — non sono padrone del mio tempo
3) (hour of the day, night) ora f.10 am Italian time — le dieci antimeridiane, ora italiana
this time last week, year — la scorsa settimana a questa stessa ora, l'anno scorso in questo stesso periodo
on time — a tempo, puntualmente
to lose time — [ clock] restare indietro
to be behind time — essere in ritardo o indietro
4) (era, epoch) tempo m., epoca f.at the time — al tempo, all'epoca
time was o there was a time when one could... ci fu un tempo in cui o un tempo si poteva...; to be ahead of o in advance of the times precorrere i tempi; to be behind the times non essere al passo con i tempi; to keep up o move with the times tenersi o essere al passo con i tempi; in times past in former times nei tempi passati, nel passato; it's just like old times è proprio come ai vecchi tempi; give peace in our time relig. concedi la pace ai nostri giorni; at my time of life alla mia età; she was a beautiful woman in her time era una bella donna ai suoi tempi; it was before my time (before my birth) non ero ancora nato; (before I came here) non ero ancora venuto qua; if I had my time over again se potessi ricominciare, se potessi ritornare indietro, se ridiventassi giovane; to die before one's time — morire prima del tempo o prematuramente
5) (moment) momento m.at all times — tutti i momenti, sempre
by the time I finished the letter the post had gone — quando finii la lettera la posta era già partita
from that o this time on a partire da quel o questo momento; when the time comes quando viene il momento; in times of crisis nei momenti di crisi; until such time as fino al momento in cui; at the same time allo stesso tempo; I can't be in two places at the same time — non posso essere in due posti allo stesso tempo
6) (occasion) volta f.time after time o time and time again continuamente, in continuazione; three at a time tre per o alla volta; she passed her driving test first time round ha passato l'esame di guida al primo colpo; from time to time di tanto in tanto; for months at a time per mesi interi; (in) between times — nel frattempo o intanto
7) (experience)to have a tough o hard time doing incontrare delle difficoltà a fare; he's having a rough o hard o tough time sta attraversando un periodo difficile; we had a good time ci siamo divertiti; to have an easy time (of it) cavarsela facilmente; the good, bad times i momenti felici, difficili; she enjoyed her time in Canada — è stata molto bene durante il suo soggiorno in Canada
8) amm. ind. (hourly rate)to work, be paid time — lavorare, essere pagato a ore
flight, journey time — durata del volo, del viaggio
10) mus. tempo m.to beat o mark time battere o segnare il tempo; in waltz time — a tempo di valzer
11) sport tempo m.12) mat. fig.••he'll tell you in his own good time — te lo dirà a suo tempo o quando lo vorrà lui
all in good time — tutto o ogni cosa a suo tempo
to pass the time of day with sb. — fare due chiacchiere con qcn.
to have a lot of time for sb. — ammirare o apprezzare molto qcn.
to do time — colloq. (in prison) stare al fresco
II 1. [taɪm]long time no see! — colloq. è un bel po' che non ci si vede!
1) (schedule) fissare, programmare [holiday, visit]; fissare [appointment, meeting]we time our trips to fit in with school holidays — programmiamo i nostri viaggi in modo che coincidano con le vacanze scolastiche
to be well-, badly-timed — avvenire al momento giusto, sbagliato
2) (judge) calibrare [blow, shot]3) (measure speed, duration) cronometrare [athlete, cyclist]; calcolare la durata di [journey, speech]2.* * *1. noun1) (the hour of the day: What time is it?; Can your child tell the time yet?) ora2) (the passage of days, years, events etc: time and space; Time will tell.) tempo3) (a point at which, or period during which, something happens: at the time of his wedding; breakfast-time.) momento, ora4) (the quantity of minutes, hours, days etc, eg spent in, or available for, a particular activity etc: This won't take much time to do; I enjoyed the time I spent in Paris; At the end of the exam, the supervisor called `Your time is up!') tempo5) (a suitable moment or period: Now is the time to ask him.) momento6) (one of a number occasions: He's been to France four times.) volta7) (a period characterized by a particular quality in a person's life, experience etc: He went through an unhappy time when she died; We had some good times together.) periodo, tempo8) (the speed at which a piece of music should be played; tempo: in slow time.) tempo2. verb1) (to measure the time taken by (a happening, event etc) or by (a person, in doing something): He timed the journey.) cronometrare2) (to choose a particular time for: You timed your arrival beautifully!) (scegliere il momento di)•- timeless- timelessly
- timelessness
- timely
- timeliness
- timer
- times
- timing
- time bomb
- time-consuming
- time limit
- time off
- time out
- timetable
- all in good time
- all the time
- at times
- be behind time
- for the time being
- from time to time
- in good time
- in time
- no time at all
- no time
- one
- two at a time
- on time
- save
- waste time
- take one's time
- time and time again
- time and again* * *I [taɪm]1) (continuum) tempo m.in o with time col tempo; in the course of time nel corso del tempo; as time goes, went by con il passare del tempo; at this point in time a questo punto; for all time per tutto il tempo, per sempre; the biggest drugs haul of all time — la più grossa partita di droga mai vista
2) (specific duration) tempo m.a long, short time ago — molto, poco tempo fa
in no time at all o in next to no time in un niente; in five days' time nel giro di o in cinque giorni; within the agreed time entro i termini convenuti; in your own time (at your own pace) al tuo ritmo; (outside working hours) al di fuori dell'orario di lavoro; on company time durante l'orario di ufficio; my time isn't my own — non sono padrone del mio tempo
3) (hour of the day, night) ora f.10 am Italian time — le dieci antimeridiane, ora italiana
this time last week, year — la scorsa settimana a questa stessa ora, l'anno scorso in questo stesso periodo
on time — a tempo, puntualmente
to lose time — [ clock] restare indietro
to be behind time — essere in ritardo o indietro
4) (era, epoch) tempo m., epoca f.at the time — al tempo, all'epoca
time was o there was a time when one could... ci fu un tempo in cui o un tempo si poteva...; to be ahead of o in advance of the times precorrere i tempi; to be behind the times non essere al passo con i tempi; to keep up o move with the times tenersi o essere al passo con i tempi; in times past in former times nei tempi passati, nel passato; it's just like old times è proprio come ai vecchi tempi; give peace in our time relig. concedi la pace ai nostri giorni; at my time of life alla mia età; she was a beautiful woman in her time era una bella donna ai suoi tempi; it was before my time (before my birth) non ero ancora nato; (before I came here) non ero ancora venuto qua; if I had my time over again se potessi ricominciare, se potessi ritornare indietro, se ridiventassi giovane; to die before one's time — morire prima del tempo o prematuramente
5) (moment) momento m.at all times — tutti i momenti, sempre
by the time I finished the letter the post had gone — quando finii la lettera la posta era già partita
from that o this time on a partire da quel o questo momento; when the time comes quando viene il momento; in times of crisis nei momenti di crisi; until such time as fino al momento in cui; at the same time allo stesso tempo; I can't be in two places at the same time — non posso essere in due posti allo stesso tempo
6) (occasion) volta f.time after time o time and time again continuamente, in continuazione; three at a time tre per o alla volta; she passed her driving test first time round ha passato l'esame di guida al primo colpo; from time to time di tanto in tanto; for months at a time per mesi interi; (in) between times — nel frattempo o intanto
7) (experience)to have a tough o hard time doing incontrare delle difficoltà a fare; he's having a rough o hard o tough time sta attraversando un periodo difficile; we had a good time ci siamo divertiti; to have an easy time (of it) cavarsela facilmente; the good, bad times i momenti felici, difficili; she enjoyed her time in Canada — è stata molto bene durante il suo soggiorno in Canada
8) amm. ind. (hourly rate)to work, be paid time — lavorare, essere pagato a ore
flight, journey time — durata del volo, del viaggio
10) mus. tempo m.to beat o mark time battere o segnare il tempo; in waltz time — a tempo di valzer
11) sport tempo m.12) mat. fig.••he'll tell you in his own good time — te lo dirà a suo tempo o quando lo vorrà lui
all in good time — tutto o ogni cosa a suo tempo
to pass the time of day with sb. — fare due chiacchiere con qcn.
to have a lot of time for sb. — ammirare o apprezzare molto qcn.
to do time — colloq. (in prison) stare al fresco
II 1. [taɪm]long time no see! — colloq. è un bel po' che non ci si vede!
1) (schedule) fissare, programmare [holiday, visit]; fissare [appointment, meeting]we time our trips to fit in with school holidays — programmiamo i nostri viaggi in modo che coincidano con le vacanze scolastiche
to be well-, badly-timed — avvenire al momento giusto, sbagliato
2) (judge) calibrare [blow, shot]3) (measure speed, duration) cronometrare [athlete, cyclist]; calcolare la durata di [journey, speech]2. -
9 BC
1) Общая лексика: год до нашей эры (AD ставится перед датой (AD64), BC - после (300BC); при указании столетия и то и другое идет после числительного (second century AD, fourth century BC))2) Компьютерная техника: Basic Component, Big Calculator3) Американизм: Bear Conservation, Before Carter, Before Castro4) Спорт: Bells Cup, Boys Crown5) Военный термин: Battle Command, Berlin Command, Bomber Command, Boundless Courage, Budget Committee, barrel coating, base command, battery charger, battery commander, bayonet cap, biological and chemical, blasting cap, body count, broadcast control, bursting charge, КБ (battery commander; командир батареи)6) Техника: Bachelor of Chemistry, Board of Control, backspace character, backward channel, barrier capacitance, base collector, basic control mode, beam collimator, beginning of cycle, benign contamination, bias current, bipolar cell, bistable circuit, boundary condition, branch chief, brightness control, broadcast band, broadcasting station, buried channel, buried collector, bus connection, bus controller, bypass circuit, обозначение для выводов, соединённых с цокольным экраном, обозначение для радиовещательных станций7) Шутливое выражение: Before Children, Before Clinton, Bring Cash, Bring Cash-"привози деньги" (British Columbia's nickname due to its high cost of living)8) Химия: Bond Centered, Boron Carbide9) Религия: Baptist Church, Blessed Child10) Метеорология: Bloody Cold11) Юридический термин: Blood Clan12) Бухгалтерия: Be Compta, Before Credit, Budget Constraint, Buying Criteria13) Автомобильный термин: blower control14) Грубое выражение: Beyond Crap, Bull Crap15) Политика: Botswana16) Телекоммуникации: Committed Burst Size, (bearer capability) способность переноса17) Сокращение: Bankruptcy Court, Barcode, Battlecars, Benefit Cost, Bobbin Core, British Commonwealth and Foreign Parcel Office (UK, was I&FPP), back-connected, barge, cargo, barium crown, barrier coat, bell cord, between centers, binary counter, bolt circle, bookcase, bottom chord, broadcasting satellite, before Christ, birth certificate, blood culture18) Университет: Bernhard Center, Boston College19) Физиология: Back Care, Birth Control Pills, Bovine Cortex20) Электроника: Bias Contrast21) Вычислительная техника: binary code, byte computer22) Литература: Ballot Counter23) Нефть: Building Code, barrels of condensate, bottom choke, broken cone, баррелей конденсата (число, barrels of condensate), забойный штуцер (bottom choke)24) Онкология: Breast Cancer25) Картография: Bristol Channel, British Columbia26) Банковское дело: банковский клиринг (bank clearing), вексель (bill of collection), безналичные расчёты между банками (bank clearing)27) Транспорт: Battery Check, Blind Courtesy, Buoyancy Compensator28) Пищевая промышленность: Beautiful Coconut, Butt Cheese29) Фирменный знак: Bechtel Corporation, Building And Construction30) СМИ: Before Cable31) Деловая лексика: Blind Copy, Business Center, Business Confidence, Business Copy, business company, коммерческая компания32) Образование: Be Compassionate, Book Club, Колледж Барнарда, Барнард Колледж (Один из колледжей Колумбийского университета (Нью-Йорк))33) Инвестиции: bank clearing, bill of collection34) Сетевые технологии: Burst Committed, broadcast channel35) Полимеры: bowing curvature, bulk cargo36) Автоматика: below center37) Ядерная физика: Breeding Gain38) Океанография: Boundary Current39) Авиационная медицина: bone conduction40) SAP.тех. тайная копия41) Нефть и газ: (сокр. от) Bearden's consistency unit = единица консистенции (цементного раствора) Бирдена (стандартная единица по стандарту API)42) Яхтенный спорт: Block Coefficient43) Электротехника: balanced current, bare copper, base connection, break contact, breaking capacity, buffer cell, bus clock44) Молекулярная биология: бактериальная целлюлоза, Bacterial Cellulose45) Чат: Before Coffee46) Правительство: Bat Cave, Big Country, Bighorn Canyon47) NYSE. Brunswick Corporation48) Единицы измерений: Before Christmas49) Альпинизм: base camp -
10 Bc
1) Общая лексика: год до нашей эры (AD ставится перед датой (AD64), BC - после (300BC); при указании столетия и то и другое идет после числительного (second century AD, fourth century BC))2) Компьютерная техника: Basic Component, Big Calculator3) Американизм: Bear Conservation, Before Carter, Before Castro4) Спорт: Bells Cup, Boys Crown5) Военный термин: Battle Command, Berlin Command, Bomber Command, Boundless Courage, Budget Committee, barrel coating, base command, battery charger, battery commander, bayonet cap, biological and chemical, blasting cap, body count, broadcast control, bursting charge, КБ (battery commander; командир батареи)6) Техника: Bachelor of Chemistry, Board of Control, backspace character, backward channel, barrier capacitance, base collector, basic control mode, beam collimator, beginning of cycle, benign contamination, bias current, bipolar cell, bistable circuit, boundary condition, branch chief, brightness control, broadcast band, broadcasting station, buried channel, buried collector, bus connection, bus controller, bypass circuit, обозначение для выводов, соединённых с цокольным экраном, обозначение для радиовещательных станций7) Шутливое выражение: Before Children, Before Clinton, Bring Cash, Bring Cash-"привози деньги" (British Columbia's nickname due to its high cost of living)8) Химия: Bond Centered, Boron Carbide9) Религия: Baptist Church, Blessed Child10) Метеорология: Bloody Cold11) Юридический термин: Blood Clan12) Бухгалтерия: Be Compta, Before Credit, Budget Constraint, Buying Criteria13) Автомобильный термин: blower control14) Грубое выражение: Beyond Crap, Bull Crap15) Политика: Botswana16) Телекоммуникации: Committed Burst Size, (bearer capability) способность переноса17) Сокращение: Bankruptcy Court, Barcode, Battlecars, Benefit Cost, Bobbin Core, British Commonwealth and Foreign Parcel Office (UK, was I&FPP), back-connected, barge, cargo, barium crown, barrier coat, bell cord, between centers, binary counter, bolt circle, bookcase, bottom chord, broadcasting satellite, before Christ, birth certificate, blood culture18) Университет: Bernhard Center, Boston College19) Физиология: Back Care, Birth Control Pills, Bovine Cortex20) Электроника: Bias Contrast21) Вычислительная техника: binary code, byte computer22) Литература: Ballot Counter23) Нефть: Building Code, barrels of condensate, bottom choke, broken cone, баррелей конденсата (число, barrels of condensate), забойный штуцер (bottom choke)24) Онкология: Breast Cancer25) Картография: Bristol Channel, British Columbia26) Банковское дело: банковский клиринг (bank clearing), вексель (bill of collection), безналичные расчёты между банками (bank clearing)27) Транспорт: Battery Check, Blind Courtesy, Buoyancy Compensator28) Пищевая промышленность: Beautiful Coconut, Butt Cheese29) Фирменный знак: Bechtel Corporation, Building And Construction30) СМИ: Before Cable31) Деловая лексика: Blind Copy, Business Center, Business Confidence, Business Copy, business company, коммерческая компания32) Образование: Be Compassionate, Book Club, Колледж Барнарда, Барнард Колледж (Один из колледжей Колумбийского университета (Нью-Йорк))33) Инвестиции: bank clearing, bill of collection34) Сетевые технологии: Burst Committed, broadcast channel35) Полимеры: bowing curvature, bulk cargo36) Автоматика: below center37) Ядерная физика: Breeding Gain38) Океанография: Boundary Current39) Авиационная медицина: bone conduction40) SAP.тех. тайная копия41) Нефть и газ: (сокр. от) Bearden's consistency unit = единица консистенции (цементного раствора) Бирдена (стандартная единица по стандарту API)42) Яхтенный спорт: Block Coefficient43) Электротехника: balanced current, bare copper, base connection, break contact, breaking capacity, buffer cell, bus clock44) Молекулярная биология: бактериальная целлюлоза, Bacterial Cellulose45) Чат: Before Coffee46) Правительство: Bat Cave, Big Country, Bighorn Canyon47) NYSE. Brunswick Corporation48) Единицы измерений: Before Christmas49) Альпинизм: base camp -
11 bc
1) Общая лексика: год до нашей эры (AD ставится перед датой (AD64), BC - после (300BC); при указании столетия и то и другое идет после числительного (second century AD, fourth century BC))2) Компьютерная техника: Basic Component, Big Calculator3) Американизм: Bear Conservation, Before Carter, Before Castro4) Спорт: Bells Cup, Boys Crown5) Военный термин: Battle Command, Berlin Command, Bomber Command, Boundless Courage, Budget Committee, barrel coating, base command, battery charger, battery commander, bayonet cap, biological and chemical, blasting cap, body count, broadcast control, bursting charge, КБ (battery commander; командир батареи)6) Техника: Bachelor of Chemistry, Board of Control, backspace character, backward channel, barrier capacitance, base collector, basic control mode, beam collimator, beginning of cycle, benign contamination, bias current, bipolar cell, bistable circuit, boundary condition, branch chief, brightness control, broadcast band, broadcasting station, buried channel, buried collector, bus connection, bus controller, bypass circuit, обозначение для выводов, соединённых с цокольным экраном, обозначение для радиовещательных станций7) Шутливое выражение: Before Children, Before Clinton, Bring Cash, Bring Cash-"привози деньги" (British Columbia's nickname due to its high cost of living)8) Химия: Bond Centered, Boron Carbide9) Религия: Baptist Church, Blessed Child10) Метеорология: Bloody Cold11) Юридический термин: Blood Clan12) Бухгалтерия: Be Compta, Before Credit, Budget Constraint, Buying Criteria13) Автомобильный термин: blower control14) Грубое выражение: Beyond Crap, Bull Crap15) Политика: Botswana16) Телекоммуникации: Committed Burst Size, (bearer capability) способность переноса17) Сокращение: Bankruptcy Court, Barcode, Battlecars, Benefit Cost, Bobbin Core, British Commonwealth and Foreign Parcel Office (UK, was I&FPP), back-connected, barge, cargo, barium crown, barrier coat, bell cord, between centers, binary counter, bolt circle, bookcase, bottom chord, broadcasting satellite, before Christ, birth certificate, blood culture18) Университет: Bernhard Center, Boston College19) Физиология: Back Care, Birth Control Pills, Bovine Cortex20) Электроника: Bias Contrast21) Вычислительная техника: binary code, byte computer22) Литература: Ballot Counter23) Нефть: Building Code, barrels of condensate, bottom choke, broken cone, баррелей конденсата (число, barrels of condensate), забойный штуцер (bottom choke)24) Онкология: Breast Cancer25) Картография: Bristol Channel, British Columbia26) Банковское дело: банковский клиринг (bank clearing), вексель (bill of collection), безналичные расчёты между банками (bank clearing)27) Транспорт: Battery Check, Blind Courtesy, Buoyancy Compensator28) Пищевая промышленность: Beautiful Coconut, Butt Cheese29) Фирменный знак: Bechtel Corporation, Building And Construction30) СМИ: Before Cable31) Деловая лексика: Blind Copy, Business Center, Business Confidence, Business Copy, business company, коммерческая компания32) Образование: Be Compassionate, Book Club, Колледж Барнарда, Барнард Колледж (Один из колледжей Колумбийского университета (Нью-Йорк))33) Инвестиции: bank clearing, bill of collection34) Сетевые технологии: Burst Committed, broadcast channel35) Полимеры: bowing curvature, bulk cargo36) Автоматика: below center37) Ядерная физика: Breeding Gain38) Океанография: Boundary Current39) Авиационная медицина: bone conduction40) SAP.тех. тайная копия41) Нефть и газ: (сокр. от) Bearden's consistency unit = единица консистенции (цементного раствора) Бирдена (стандартная единица по стандарту API)42) Яхтенный спорт: Block Coefficient43) Электротехника: balanced current, bare copper, base connection, break contact, breaking capacity, buffer cell, bus clock44) Молекулярная биология: бактериальная целлюлоза, Bacterial Cellulose45) Чат: Before Coffee46) Правительство: Bat Cave, Big Country, Bighorn Canyon47) NYSE. Brunswick Corporation48) Единицы измерений: Before Christmas49) Альпинизм: base camp -
12 до Рождества Христова
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > до Рождества Христова
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13 до рождества Христова
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > до рождества Христова
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14 time
time [taɪm]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. noun3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. nouna. temps m• have you got time to wait for me? est-ce que tu as le temps de m'attendre ?• the letter was in my pocket all the time la lettre était dans ma poche depuis le début► in good time ( = with time to spare) en avance• let me know in good time prévenez-moi suffisamment à l'avance► to take + time• to take time out to do sth trouver le temps de faire qch ; (during studies) interrompre ses études pour faire qch► to have time for• I've no time for that sort of thing ( = too busy) je n'ai pas de temps pour ça ; ( = not interested) ce genre d'histoire ne m'intéresse pasb. ( = period) for a time pendant un certain temps• what a long time you've been! il vous en a fallu du temps !• for a short time we thought that... pendant un moment nous avons pensé que...► some timec. ( = period worked) to work full time travailler à plein temps• we get paid time and a half on Saturdays le samedi, nous sommes payés une fois et demie le tarif normald. ( = day) temps m• what great times we've had! c'était le bon temps !f. (by clock) heure f• what time is it? quelle heure est-il ?• what time is he arriving? à quelle heure est-ce qu'il arrive ?• the time is 4.30 il est 4 heures et demie► preposition + time• just in time (for sth/to do sth) juste à temps (pour qch/pour faire qch)g. ( = moment) moment m• by the time I had finished, it was dark le temps que je termine, il faisait nuit• some times... at other times des fois... des fois• the time has come to decide... il est temps de décider...h. ( = occasion) fois f• the times I've told him that! je le lui ai dit je ne sais combien de fois !i. (multiplying) fois f• ten times the size of... dix fois plus grand que...a. ( = choose time of) [+ visit] choisir le moment de• you timed that perfectly! vous ne pouviez pas mieux choisir votre moment !• well-timed [remark, entrance] tout à fait opportunb. ( = count time of) [+ race, runner, worker] chronométrer ; [+ programme, piece of work] minuter3. compounds• a time-honoured tradition une tradition ancienne or vénérable ► time-lag noun (between events) décalage m• to take time off from work prendre un congé ► time-share transitive verb (Computing) utiliser en temps partagé noun maison f (or appartement m ) en multipropriété• it's like living in a time warp c'est comme si on était transporté dans une autre époque ► time zone noun fuseau m horaire* * *[taɪm] 1.1) ( continuum) temps min ou with time —
as time goes/went by — avec le temps
2) ( specific duration) temps mflight/journey time — durée f du vol/voyage
you've got all the time in the world —
you took a long time! —
in no time at all —
in five days'/weeks' time — dans cinq jours/semaines
in your own time — ( at your own pace) à ton rythme; ( outside working hours) en dehors des heures de travail
3) (hour of the day, night) heure fwhat time is it? —
10 am French time — 10 heures, heure française
this time last week/year — il y a exactement huit jours/un an
the train times — les horaires mpl des trains
to lose time — [clock] retarder
not before time! — il était (or il est) grand temps!
4) (era, epoch) époque ftime was ou there was a time when one could... — à une certaine époque on pouvait...
to keep up ou move with the times — être à la page
in times past —
it was before my time — ( before my birth) je n'étais pas encore né; ( before I came here) je n'étais pas encore ici
5) ( moment) moment mby the time I finished the letter the post had gone — le temps de finir ma lettre et le courrier était parti
from that ou this time on — à partir de ce moment
6) ( occasion) fois ftime after time —
7) ( experience)to have a tough ou hard time doing — avoir du mal à faire
he's having a rough ou hard ou tough time — il traverse une période difficile
the good/bad times — les moments heureux/difficiles
8) Administration ( hourly rate)to work/be paid time — travailler/être payé à l'heure
9) Music mesure fto beat ou mark time — battre la mesure
10) Sport temps m11) Mathematics, fig2.ten times longer/stronger — dix fois plus long/plus fort
transitive verb1) ( schedule) gen prévoir; fixer [appointment, meeting]we time our trips to fit in with school holidays — nous faisons coïncider nos voyages avec les vacances scolaires
to be well-/badly-timed — être opportun/inopportun
2) ( judge) calculer [blow, shot]3) (measure speed, duration) chronométrer [athlete, cyclist]; mesurer la durée de [journey, speech]3.••to have time on one's hands — ( for brief period) avoir du temps devant soi; ( longer) avoir beaucoup de temps libre
to do time — (colloq) ( prison) faire de la taule (colloq)
long time no see! — (colloq) ça fait un bail (colloq) (qu'on ne s'est pas vu)!
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15 time
A n1 ( continuum) temps m ; time and space le temps et l'espace ; in ou with time, in the course of time avec le temps ; as time goes/went by avec le temps ; at this point in time à l'heure qu'il est ; for all time à jamais ; the biggest drugs haul of all time la plus importante saisie de drogue de tous les temps ;2 ( specific duration) temps m ; most of the time la plupart du temps ; he was ill for some of the time il a été malade pendant une partie du temps ; she talked (for) some of the time, but most of the time she was silent elle a parlé par moments, mais pendant la plupart du temps elle a gardé le silence ; all the time tout le temps ; I was waiting for you here all the time je t'attendais ici pendant tout ce temps-là ; she was lying all the time elle mentait depuis le début ; you've got all the time in the world, you've got plenty of time tu as tout ton temps ; to find/have/take the time to do trouver/avoir/prendre le temps de faire ; to spend one's time doing passer son temps à faire ; to take one's time prendre son temps ; take your time over it! prends ton temps! ; writing a novel takes time, it takes time to write a novel il faut du temps pour écrire un roman ; do I have (enough) time to go to the shops? est-ce que j'ai le temps d'aller aux magasins? ; half the time he isn't even listening la moitié du temps il n'écoute même pas ; some time before/after quelque temps avant/après ; that's the best film I've seen for a long time c'est le meilleur film que j'aie vu depuis longtemps ; he has been gone for a long time cela fait longtemps or un bon moment qu'il est parti ; it'll be a long time before I go back there! je n'y retournerai pas de sitôt! ; you took a long time!, what a (long) time you've been! tu en a mis du temps! ; we had to wait for a long time nous avons dû attendre longtemps ; I've been living in this country for a long time j'habite dans ce pays depuis longtemps, cela fait longtemps que j'habite dans ce pays ; it takes a long time for the car to start la voiture met du temps à démarrer ; she would regret this for a long time to come elle allait le regretter pendant longtemps ; a long time ago il y a longtemps ; a short time ago il y a peu de temps ; some time ago il y a un moment, il y a quelque temps ; we haven't heard from her for some time ça fait un moment qu'on n'a pas eu de ses nouvelles ; it continued for some (considerable) time ça a continué pendant un bon moment or pendant pas mal de temps ; it won't happen for some time yet ça ne se produira pas de sitôt or avant longtemps ; she did it in half the time it had taken her colleagues elle l'a fait en deux fois moins de temps que ses collègues ; in no time at all, in next to no time en moins de deux ; in five days'/weeks' time dans cinq jours/semaines ; within the agreed time dans les délais convenus ; in your own time ( at your own pace) à ton rythme ; ( outside working hours) en dehors des heures de travail ; on company time pendant les heures de bureau ; my time isn't my own je n'ai plus une minute à moi ; my time is my own je suis maître de mon temps ;3 (hour of the day, night) heure f ; what time is it?, what's the time? quelle heure est-il? ; she looked at the time elle a regardé l'heure ; the time is 11 o'clock il est 11 heures ; 10 am French time 10 heures, heure française ; tomorrow, at the same time demain, à la même heure ; this time next week la semaine prochaine à la même heure ; this time next year l'année prochaine à la même date or époque ; this time last week/year il y a exactement huit jours/un an ; by this time next week/year d'ici huit jours/un an ; on time à l'heure ; the trains are running on ou to time les trains sont à l'heure ; the bus/train times les horaires mpl or les heures des bus/des trains ; the times of trains to Montreal les heures or les horaires des trains pour Montréal ; it's time to go! c'est l'heure de partir! ; it's time for school/bed c'est l'heure d'aller à l'école/au lit ; it's time for breakfast c'est l'heure du petit déjeuner ; it's time, your time is up c'est l'heure ; it's time we started/left il est temps de commencer/partir ; to lose time [clock] retarder ; that clock keeps good time cette horloge est toujours à l'heure ; about time too! ce n'est pas trop tôt! ; not before time! il était (or il est) grand temps! ; you're just in time for lunch/a drink tu arrives juste à temps pour déjeuner/boire quelque chose ; to arrive in good time arriver en avance ; to be in plenty of time ou in good time for the train être en avance pour prendre le train ; I want to have everything ready in time for Christmas je veux que tout soit prêt à temps pour Noël ; to be behind time avoir du retard ; twenty minutes ahead of time vingt minutes avant l'heure prévue ; six months ahead of time six mois avant la date prévue ;4 (era, epoch) époque f ; in Victorian/Roman times à l'époque victorienne/romaine ; in Dickens' times du temps de Dickens ; at the time à l'époque ; at that time à cette époque, en ce temps-là ; time was ou there was a time when one could… à une certaine époque on pouvait… ; to be ahead of ou in advance of the times [person, invention] être en avance sur son époque ; to be behind the times être en retard sur son époque ; to keep up ou move with the times être à la page ; times are hard les temps sont durs ; those were difficult times c'étaient des temps difficiles ; in times past, in former times autrefois ; in happier times en un temps plus heureux, à une époque plus heureuse ; it's just like old times c'est comme au bon vieux temps ; in times of war/peace en temps de guerre/paix ; peace in our time la paix de notre vivant ; at my time of life à mon âge ; I've seen a few tragedies in my time j'en ai vu des drames dans ma vie ; she was a beautiful woman in her time c'était une très belle femme dans son temps ; it was before my time ( before my birth) je n'étais pas encore né ; ( before I came here) je n'étais pas encore ici ; if I had my time over again si je pouvais recommencer ma vie ; to die before one's time mourir prématurément ; to be nearing one's time† ( pregnant woman) approcher de son terme ;5 ( moment) moment m ; at times par moments ; it's a good/bad time to do c'est le bon/mauvais moment pour faire ; the house was empty at the time la maison était vide à ce moment-là ; at the time I didn't notice à ce moment-là je ne l'avais pas remarqué ; at the right time au bon moment ; this is no time for jokes ce n'est pas le moment de plaisanter ; at all times à tout moment ; at any time à n'importe quel moment ; at any time of the day or night à n'importe quelle heure du jour ou de la nuit ; we're expecting him any time now il doit arriver d'un moment à l'autre ; at no time did I agree à aucun moment je n'ai accepté ; come any time you want viens quand tu veux ; the time has come for change/action l'heure est venue de changer/d'agir ; at times like these you need your friends dans ces moments-là on a besoin de ses amis ; by the time I finished the letter the post had gone le temps de finir ma lettre et le courrier était parti ; by the time she had got downstairs he had gone avant qu'elle n'arrive en bas il était déjà parti ; by this time most of them were dead la plupart d'entre eux étaient déjà morts ; some time this week dans la semaine ; some time next month dans le courant du mois prochain ; for the time being pour l'instant, pour le moment ; from that ou this time on à partir de ce moment ; from the time (that) I was 15 depuis l'âge de 15 ans ; there are times when il y a des moments où ; when the time comes le moment venu ; in times of danger dans les moments de danger ; in times of crisis/high inflation dans les périodes de crise/forte inflation ; no more than 12 people at any one time pas plus de 12 personnes à la fois ; until such time as he does the work jusqu'à ce qu'il fasse le travail ; at the same time en même temps ; I can't be in two places at the same time je ne peux pas être partout à la fois ; now's our time to act! c'est maintenant qu'il faut agir! ;6 ( occasion) fois f ; nine times out of ten neuf fois sur dix ; three times a month trois fois par mois ; hundreds of times des centaines de fois ; the first/last/next time la première/dernière/prochaine fois ; time after time, time and time again maintes fois ; each ou every time that chaque fois que ; some other time perhaps une autre fois peut-être ; three at a time trois à la fois ; there were times when il y avait des fois où ; many's the time when I refused bien des fois j'ai refusé ; she passed her driving test first time round/third time round elle a eu son permis du premier coup/à la troisième fois ; do you remember the time when…? tu te rappelles quand…?, tu te rappelles la fois où…? ; from time to time de temps en temps ; 10 dollars a time 10 dollars le coup ; for months at a time pendant des mois entiers ; (in) between times entre-temps ;7 ( experience) to have a tough ou hard time doing avoir du mal à faire ; they gave him a rough ou hard ou tough time of it ils lui en ont fait voir (de toutes les couleurs ○) ; he's having a rough ou hard ou tough time il traverse une période difficile ; I'm having a bad time at work en ce moment j'ai des problèmes au travail ; we had a good time on s'est bien amusé ; have a good time! amusez-vous bien! ; to have an easy time (of it) se la couler douce ○ ; the good/bad times les moments heureux/difficiles ; she enjoyed her time in Canada elle a beaucoup aimé son séjour au Canada ; during her time as ambassador pendant qu'elle était ambassadeur ;8 Admin, Ind ( hourly rate) to work/be paid time travailler/être payé à l'heure ; to be paid time and a half être payé une fois et demie le tarif normal ; on Sundays we get paid double time le dimanche on est payé double ;10 Mus mesure f ; to beat ou mark time battre la mesure ; to stay in ou keep time rester en mesure ; to be in/out of time être/ne pas être en mesure ; in waltz/march time sur un rythme de valse/marche ;11 Sport temps m ; a fast time un bon temps ; in record time en (un) temps record ; to keep time chronométrer ;12 Math, fig one times two is two une fois deux, deux ; three times four trois fois quatre ; ten times longer/stronger dix fois plus long/plus fort ; eight times as much huit fois autant.B vtr1 ( schedule) prévoir [attack] (for pour) ; prévoir, fixer [holiday, visit] (for pour) ; fixer [appointment, meeting] ; the demonstration is timed to coincide with the ceremony l'heure de la manifestation est prévue pour coïncider avec la cérémonie ; we time our trips to fit in with school holidays nous faisons coïncider nos voyages avec les vacances scolaires ; the bomb is timed to go off at midday la bombe est réglée pour exploser à midi ; to be well-/badly-timed être opportun/inopportun ; the announcement was perfectly timed la déclaration est tombée à point nommé ;2 ( judge) calculer [blow, stroke, shot] ; to time a remark/joke choisir le moment pour faire une remarque/plaisanterie ;3 (measure speed, duration) chronométrer [athlete, cyclist] ; mesurer la durée de [journey, speech] ; minuter la cuisson de [egg] ; to time sb over 100 metres chronométrer qn sur 100 mètres.from time out of mind depuis la nuit des temps ; there is a time and place for everything il y a un temps pour tout ; there's always a first time il y a un début à tout ; there's a first time for everything il y a une première fois pour tout ; he'll tell you in his own good time il te le dira quand il en aura envie ; all in good time chaque chose en son temps ; only time will tell seul l'avenir nous le dira ; to pass the time of day with sb échanger quelques mots avec qn ; I wouldn't give him the time of day je ne lui dirais même pas bonjour ; to have time on one's hands ( for brief period) avoir du temps devant soi ; ( longer) avoir beaucoup de temps libre ; time hung heavy on his hands il trouvait le temps long ; to have a lot of time for sb apprécier beaucoup qn ; I've got a lot of time for people who work with the sick j'admire beaucoup les personnes qui soignent les malades ; I've got no time for pessimists/that sort of attitude je ne supporte pas les pessimistes/ce genre d'attitude ; to do time ○ ( prison) faire de la taule ○ ; to make time with sb ○ US ( chat up) draguer ○ qn ; ( have sex with) s'envoyer ○ qn ; give me France/Lauren Bacall every time! rien ne vaut la France/Lauren Bacall! ; long time no see ○ ! ça fait un bail ○ (qu'on ne s'est pas vu)! ; time please! GB ( in pub) on ferme! -
16 antegenitalis
antĕ-gĕnĭtālis, e, adj., before birth:experimentum antegenitale,
of that which was before our birth, Plin. 7, 55, 56, § 190. -
17 erdi
[cf. Aquit. "Erditse"] iz.1.a. half; \erdiak halves; \erdia gelditzen zait I've got half left; bildots \erdiaz ase daiteke gizona half a lamb can satisfy a manb. gauzen \erdiak debekatzen ditu medikuak the doctor forbids half of the things; etxe honetan gauza \erdiak geureak dira half of everything in this house is oursc. Slovobiako hiritarren \erdiak bakearen alde dira half of Slovobia's citizens are in favour of peace; sagarren \erdiak ustelduta daude half of the apples are {rotten || spoilt} ; sagar horien \erdiak ustelak dira half of those apples are {rooten || spoiled} ; neuzkan liburuetatik \erdiak irakurri ditut I've read half of the books I had ; ondasunen \erdiak eman zizkien he gave them half of his possessions ; oiloen \erdiak baino gehiago eri dira more than half the hens are sickd. \erdiak ez dira etorri half haven't come2. ( zentrua) centre (GB), center (USA) ; hiriaren \erdira heldu zirenean, hantxe gelditu ziren when they reached the city centre, they stayed there ; Lurraren \erdia the centre of the Earth ; bidez \erditan egon halfway | to be halfway there3.a. middle; kale \erdian zegoen it was in the middle of the street; gizon horien \erdian da it's smack in the middle of those men; \erdi-\erdian jo nuen he hit it right in the middleb. ( denboraldia, e.a.) middle; arratsalde \erdian etorri zen she came in the middle of the afternoon ; apirilaren \erditsutan etorriko da he'll come round the middle of April ; egunaren \erdian in the middle of the day ; neguaren \erdian in the middle of winterc. \erditik egin to split down the middle4. half; \erdi gizon, \erdi otso half man, half wolf5. ( erditze) giving birth ; \erdi baino lehen before giving birth semez \erdi da she's given birth io. half; laranja \erdia jan zuen he ate half an orange; gaitz \erdi izango zen she would have been half sick adb.1. half; sagar horiek \erdi ustelak dira those apples are half {rotten || spoilt}; \erdi lotan half asleep; botila ardoz \erdi beterik dago the bottle is half full of wine ; botila ardo \erdi hutsa gelditu da the bottle wound up half empty of its wine ; ontzi hori \erdi hutsa dago that glass is half empty2. \erdi sartuan gelditu da giltza the key became stuck halfway; giltza \erdi sartuan gelditu zait my key got stuck halfway ; gauzak {\erdi eginean || \erdi egin gabe} utzi zituen he left things left half done -
18 Kay (of Bury), John
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 16 July 1704 Walmersley, near Bury, Lancashire, Englandd. 1779 France[br]English inventor of the flying shuttle.[br]John Kay was the youngest of five sons of a yeoman farmer of Walmersley, near Bury, Lancashire, who died before his birth. John was apprenticed to a reedmaker, and just before he was 21 he married a daughter of John Hall of Bury and carried on his trade in that town until 1733. It is possible that his first patent, taken out in 1730, was connected with this business because it was for an engine that made mohair thread for tailors and twisted and dressed thread; such thread could have been used to bind up the reeds used in looms. He also improved the reeds by making them from metal instead of cane strips so they lasted much longer and could be made to be much finer. His next patent in 1733, was a double one. One part of it was for a batting machine to remove dust from wool by beating it with sticks, but the patent is better known for its description of the flying shuttle. Kay placed boxes to receive the shuttle at either end of the reed or sley. Across the open top of these boxes was a metal rod along which a picking peg could slide and drive the shuttle out across the loom. The pegs at each end were connected by strings to a stick that was held in the right hand of the weaver and which jerked the shuttle out of the box. The shuttle had wheels to make it "fly" across the warp more easily, and ran on a shuttle race to support and guide it. Not only was weaving speeded up, but the weaver could produce broader cloth without any aid from a second person. This invention was later adapted for the power loom. Kay moved to Colchester and entered into partnership with a baymaker named Solomon Smith and a year later was joined by William Carter of Ballingdon, Essex. His shuttle was received with considerable hostility in both Lancashire and Essex, but it was probably more his charge of 15 shillings a year for its use that roused the antagonism. From 1737 he was much involved with lawsuits to try and protect his patent, particularly the part that specified the method of winding the thread onto a fixed bobbin in the shuttle. In 1738 Kay patented a windmill for working pumps and an improved chain pump, but neither of these seems to have been successful. In 1745, with Joseph Stell of Keighley, he patented a narrow fabric loom that could be worked by power; this type may have been employed by Gartside in Manchester soon afterwards. It was probably through failure to protect his patent rights that Kay moved to France, where he arrived penniless in 1747. He went to the Dutch firm of Daniel Scalongne, woollen manufacturers, in Abbeville. The company helped him to apply for a French patent for his shuttle, but Kay wanted the exorbitant sum of £10,000. There was much discussion and eventually Kay set up a workshop in Paris, where he received a pension of 2,500 livres. However, he was to face the same problems as in England with weavers copying his shuttle without permission. In 1754 he produced two machines for making card clothing: one pierced holes in the leather, while the other cut and sharpened the wires. These were later improved by his son, Robert Kay. Kay returned to England briefly, but was back in France in 1758. He was involved with machines to card both cotton and wool and tried again to obtain support from the French Government. He was still involved with developing textile machines in 1779, when he was 75, but he must have died soon afterwards. As an inventor Kay was a genius of the first rank, but he was vain, obstinate and suspicious and was destitute of business qualities.[br]Bibliography1730, British patent no. 515 (machine for making mohair thread). 1733, British patent no. 542 (batting machine and flying shuttle). 1738, British patent no. 561 (pump windmill and chain pump). 1745, with Joseph Stell, British patent no. 612 (power loom).Further ReadingB.Woodcroft, 1863, Brief Biographies of Inventors or Machines for the Manufacture of Textile Fabrics, London.J.Lord, 1903, Memoir of John Kay, (a more accurate account).Descriptions of his inventions may be found in A.Barlow, 1878, The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power, London; R.L. Hills, 1970, Power in theIndustrial Revolution, Manchester; and C.Singer (ed.), 1957, A History ofTechnology, Vol. III, Oxford: Clarendon Press. The most important record, however, is in A.P.Wadsworth and J. de L. Mann, 1931, The Cotton Trade and IndustrialLancashire, Manchester.RLH -
19 ACN
1) Авиация: aircraft classification number( сокр.) (классификационный номер летательного аппарата \{ИКАО\})2) Латинский язык: Ante Christum Natum3) Военный термин: Air Commander, Norway, all concerned notified, assignment control number, authorized code number4) Техника: acenaphthylene, advanced change notice, indole-3-acetonitrile, нейтраль напряжения питания5) Религия: Ante Christum Natum ("before the birth of Christ")6) Экономика: Australian Company Number7) Металлургия: Asbestos Cloth Neck8) Сокращение: Airborne Communications Node, American Council on North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Американский совет сторонников НАТО)9) Банковское дело: audit control number10) СМИ: Adventist Channel Network11) Деловая лексика: Affiliates Contribution Network12) Полимеры: acrylonitrile13) Контроль качества: advance change notice -
20 acn
1) Авиация: aircraft classification number( сокр.) (классификационный номер летательного аппарата \{ИКАО\})2) Латинский язык: Ante Christum Natum3) Военный термин: Air Commander, Norway, all concerned notified, assignment control number, authorized code number4) Техника: acenaphthylene, advanced change notice, indole-3-acetonitrile, нейтраль напряжения питания5) Религия: Ante Christum Natum ("before the birth of Christ")6) Экономика: Australian Company Number7) Металлургия: Asbestos Cloth Neck8) Сокращение: Airborne Communications Node, American Council on North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Американский совет сторонников НАТО)9) Банковское дело: audit control number10) СМИ: Adventist Channel Network11) Деловая лексика: Affiliates Contribution Network12) Полимеры: acrylonitrile13) Контроль качества: advance change notice
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